middle class victorian era

When she was the monarch, Great Britain was at its best. Why you need to protect your intellectual property, The middle class home, as portrayed in advert for Petroleum oil cooking stoves by Wright & Butler Limited, Advertisement for Henry Heath's ladies' hats, Advertisement for dress fabrics made by Bradford Manufacturing Company, Photograph of the beach at Hastings, Sussex, Advertisement for The Royal Hotel, Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, Galleries, Reading Rooms, shop and catering opening times vary. Liza Picard explores the expansion of the middle classes. The Victorian era was a golden age, for the middle class. She became queen when William the IV died on the 20th of June, 1837. Again, comfortable enough for their everyday activities. During the 1870's, long coats and trousers transformed to fancy dark suits. This era has gone down in history as a time of significant growth and progress for the middle class. Middle-Class Jobs For Children Types of Middle Class Jobs Jobs Between Jobs of the Middle Class Victorian Middle Class men had "clean" jobs, or mental jobs. The middle class made about 15% of the population in Great Britain. In Victorian England, literacy increased due to heavier emphasis put on education, especially among working class children. Your views could help shape our site for the future. Victorian fashion › Pale dress. They did after all have a degree - though not necessarily from Cambridge or the other place. Victorian Breakfast Room Victorian History: The Victorian Age is named after Queen Victoria who ruled the British Empire from 1837 until her death in 1901. The Tiger Who Came to Tea by Judith Kerr: sketches and original artwork, Sean's Red Bike by Petronella Breinburg, illustrated by Errol Lloyd, Unfinished Business: The Fight for Women's Rights, The fight for women’s rights is unfinished business, Get 3 for 2 on all British Library Fiction. The population at the time rose from 16.8 million people in 1851 to 30.1 million in 1901. In the middle class, people with higher social standing were in the upper middle class. But during the season a rich woman expected to be able to order from her dressmaker an elaborate gown to be delivered the next day. 351 People Used View all course ›› Urban centers were growing, and new technologies, such as the introduction of electricity into clothing manufacturing, produced a boom in the ready-to-wear market. The middle class, on the other hand, had a very successful time in the Victorian era. The Victorian era was a golden age for the middle classes. The people under this class did not work manually. David Cody, in “The Gentlemen” specifies that some of these jobs would be clergymen for the church, parliament members and army officers. Every invoice, every letter, every ledger entry had to be accurately, quickly and legibly written by hand. Middle Class During the Victorian period the middle class grew in size and importance. Any woman who stayed single or childless was pitied. See more ideas about victorian fashion, historical fashion, middle class. For a majority of families, domesticity was premised on the practical foundation of the absentee breadwinner, while its ideological foundation was … The Victorian middle class would be referred to as the professional class in modern times. Queen Victoria and the Victorian Era (Background Info). In the middle class, people with higher social standing were in the upper middle class. There was a churning upheaval of the old hierarchical order, and the middle … 1851 to 30.1 million in 1901. Here was a huge market for Advice Books, such as Isabella Beeton’s Book of Household Management, published in 1861 (and still in print and updated). To do so fails, particularly in the area of expenditure, to recognize changes in the inherent value of goods. The hundreds of clerks in the Bank of England could stay until they dropped dead; there was no compulsory retiring age for them. The upper middle class included physicians -- who prescribed, but did not touch patients or perform surgery, attorneys, higher-level clerks and some members of the clergy. The very small and very wealthy upper class got its income (of £1,000 per annum or often much more) … The history of middle-class wine drinking; The history of middle-class wine drinking. (The germ of supermarkets was sprouting even then, in Mr. Harrod’s grocery store, opened in 1849, and William Whiteley’s department store in Bayswater, proudly titled The Universal Provider, in 1863.). The Victorian era took place during the lifetime of Queen Victoria of England, from 1837 until her death on January 22 nd, 1901. But living could be cheap. Its usefulness in a middle class home was not so much in teaching the servants themselves, many of whom would be illiterate, but in enabling the mistress, after a quick look at the relevant pages, to pretend to an encyclopedic and impressive knowledge herself. Their income normally came from the investments made by them or from the inherited lands. It made up about fifteen percent of the population. A middle class woman was entirely dependent on a supply of domestic servants, ranging from the untrained ‘slavey’ to a staff of several highly trained specialists. A middle-class girl’s dress was usually made of delicate material, such as silk, or had a lot of handiwork on it, such as a lace collar. [5] The Victorian Era provided a very successful time period for the middle class. The glory of plate glass, and the brilliance of gas lighting, enabled the retailer to entice his clientele into his premises, where male and female staff waited to serve them. The Victorian era was a golden age for the middle classes. Middle-class men generally held occupations as attorneys, doctors, shopkeepers, bankers, merchants, and factory owners. The days of paid annual leave had not yet arrived, but the family could take lodgings in Brighton or Margate, both easily accessible by steam boat or train, and the husband could lead a bachelor life during the week and join his family by ‘the husbands’ boat’ for the weekend. For those at the top of the pile, life was very comfortable. The nation One problem faced by students of the Victorian Era is the relationship between income and expenditure. The middle class, which got its income (of £100 to £1,000 per annum) from salaries and profit, grew rapidly during the 19th century, from 15 to over 25 percent of the population. The middle-class population at the very start of the Victorian era was limited to a few.The Industrial Revolution in the mid-century of the era brought about drastic changes in the standard of living of the Victorian Middle-Class people. A young wife newly elevated to her husband’s status in the middle class might not have the accumulated knowledge of an old-established household. They worked with letters and figures, wore morning coats, stiff white collars and top hats. It made up about fifteen percent of the population. The rise of the middle class during the era had a formative effect on its character; the historian Walter E. Houghton reflects that "once the middle class attained political as well as financial eminence, their social influence became decisive. Most middle-class girls wore pretty bonnets when outdoors, like this one trimmed with satin and lace. Most middle-class girls wore pretty bonnets when outdoors, like this one trimmed with satin and lace. To be middle class in the Victorian era meant that a person became quite rich through their work rather than inherited wealth (like the upper classes). The middle class consisted of shopkeepers, merchants, clerks, businessmen, bankers, doctors, and etc. The Victorian era was an interesting time for boys’ and girls’ fashion. The middle class was a diverse group that included everyone between the working class and the elite class. Industrialists, bankers and clerks were all able to send their children to school to the age of 12 or 14. They held the most powerful positions that gave them authority, better living conditions, and other facilities. The Victorian era of the England history was the reigning period of the Queen Victoria. People in the middle class often had to work to make a living and to feed and care for their families. Playing cards In an age before television, Victorians relied on indoor games for their entertainment. Their routine work was fulfilled by the lower class people. Poor children wore simplified hand me down versions of outdated rich kids’ clothing. Similar in the way we are urged to ‘shop local’ now. The Victorian Era During the Victorian Era, social classes of England were newly reforming, and fomenting. The Victorian Era in Britain was dominated by the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). He ruled his household with a rod of iron, since his wife knew that she had little chance of divorcing him no matter what he did. During the 19th century, members of the middle class were the moral leaders of society (they also achieved some political power). The rise of the middle class during the Victorian period created a social fluidity that would challenge this system, and necessitate the creation of a new honor culture that transcended all classes. By the early nineteenth century, imperial commodities had become commonplace in middle-class English homes. She, or her dressmaker, might use one of the paper patterns distributed free by fashion magazines such as The World of Fashion, from 1850. Indeed rapid upward mobility could cause all kinds of anxieties. Those who were fortunate enough to be in the Upper class did not usually perform manual labor. If the domestic scene became too noisy or boring for him, he could always escape to his club. Related materials. Although it was a peaceful and prosperous time, there were still issues within the social structure. During the Victorian Era, the middle class wasn't very large. Industrialists, bankers and clerks were all able to send their children to school to the age of 12 or 14. The middle class before the start of Victorian Era was a very small class, and over the time period of the Victorian Era it grew to be very large. Indeed rapid upward mobility could cause all kinds of anxieties. Three powerful forces were at work. Liza Picard researches and writes about the history of London. Related materials. If she could afford to, she would have her clothes made for her in one of the fashionable – and very expensive – salons. The huge army of clerks worked from nine to four, or ten to five. Middle Class During the Victorian period the middle class grew in size and importance. They breast fed their babies for longer, played with them more and helped to teach them language and skills. A tightly focused study of the ubiquity of Indian objects in Victorian novels. When she was the monarch, Great Britain was at its best. The Victorian era was an interesting time for boys’ and girls’ fashion. The upper class was made of aristocrats, noble's dukes, and other wealthy families that worked in the court system. Royal Class – This include people from royal family and the spiritual lords of that time. The middle class … The middle class standard of living The Victorian era was a golden age, for the middle class. T he 1890s were a period of change. Again, comfortable enough for their everyday activities. Your income did Anthony Trollope, who became famous as a writer, began as a junior clerk in the Post Office, at £90 a year. A skilled engineering workman might earn more than a clerk, but he worked with his hands – he was irredeemably a member of the lower classes. The Victorian era consisted of local producers. The central feature of Victorian-era politics is the search for reform and improvement, including both the individual personality and society. Middle-class people also owned and managed vast business empires. Once industrialization began in England during the early 18th century, working-class people were drawn to factories, seeking employment in them. The Middle class was the next in social ranking. The huge army of clerks worked from nine to four, or ten to five. The upper class was made of aristocrats, noble's dukes, and other wealthy families that worked in the court system. This was an extensive period of prosperity, peace, refined responsiveness and great national self-possession for England. Choose Yes please to open the survey in a new browser window or tab, and then complete it when you are ready. Apr 20, 2014 - Explore Victorian Era Class System's board "Middle Class" on Pinterest. The middle class consisted of shopkeepers, merchants, clerks, businessmen, bankers, doctors, and etc. Victorian Respectability and the battle for refinement and civilization; Victorian Occupations: Life and Labor in the Victorian Period as Seen by Artists, Writers, and Modern Historians; Women's Social and Economic Status: Class and Occupation During the winter this outfit would be accompanied with a long jacket They would put away the jacket during spring. People in the middle class often had to work to make a living and to feed and care for their families. After … Unlike the lower class Victorians, the middle class had more outfits to pick from, depending on their In the Victorian era, women were seen, by the middle classes at least, as belonging to the domestic sphere, and this stereotype required them to provide their husbands with a clean home, to put food on the table and to raise their children. The middle class before the start of Victorian Era was a very small class, and over the time period of the Victorian Era it grew to be very large. Lower Class Incomes. Why not take a few moments to tell us what you think of our website? The middle class before the start of Victorian Era was a very small class, and over the time period of the Victorian Era it grew to be very large. There was a heavier emphasis put on education because of industrialization. Servants, of course, could be worrying (just as labour-saving machines can go wrong, in our day). Indeed, as far back as the 17 th and 18 th centuries, there were sections of society that were neither part of the aristocracy nor part of the poor lower classes. Many people in the middle class could make on average 100-5,000 Euros a year. The daily outfit for a man would be straight-legged pants with a longer thick shirt and boots along with a hat. Even if a middle-class man did achieve worldly success, it did not necessarily mean that he was socially secure. not play a role in what social class you were in, but source was. The Victorian middle class would be referred to as the professional class in modern times. During the years of 1837-1901, Great They wore lighter clothes during the summer months . But they shared one vital distinction; they were both members of the 'great middle class'. The social classes of this era included the Upper class, Middle class, and lower class. Their suburban cottage could be furnished for less than £20. Victorian children’s clothing for middle and upper classes were smaller versions of adult clothing with shorter hemlines and sturdier materials. Many coats in the Victorian Era were long and stretched all the way down to your knees. It also set the tone for fashion, social order and general culture throughout Europe and the United States. The huge army of clerks worked from nine to four, or ten to five. Middle-class families often read aloud to each other from well-known, but respectable, novels. The Victorian era society was divided into three class's upper, middle, and working class. The Victorian middle classes can be divided into upper middle class and lower middle class. To be quite honest, by today’s standard, this would not be middle class, it would simply be upper class. The social classes of this era included the Upper class, Middle class, and lower class. It seems, in retrospect, an enviable existence. and when businesses flourished. The middle class family differed in that they closely followed the Victorian domestic idea - the loving and hard-working father, the nurturing mother, the dutiful sons and daughters. For those without a grouse moor, a family seaside holiday in Brighton or Margate could be just as refreshing. Victoria was in control. They were Victorian Respectability and the battle for refinement and civilization; Victorian Occupations: Life and Labor in the Victorian Period as Seen by Artists, Writers, and Modern Historians; Women's Social and Economic Status: Class and Occupation The middle class family differed in that they closely followed the Victorian domestic idea - the loving and hard-working father, the nurturing mother, the dutiful sons and daughters. It was estimated that the 44,000 clerks, accountants and bankers who had dispatched business in 1851 had swollen to 119,000 20 years later. Once telephone use became widespread, work as a telephone operator became a respectable job for middle-class women needing employment. She was not concerned with buying food, much of which was delivered on a daily basis, nor with the wine for the evening, which her husband would have ordered, perhaps with the collaboration of the butler. This emotional bond was expected by both men and women. She spent many years working in the office of the Solicitor of the Inland Revenue and lived in Gray’s Inn and Hackney, before retiring to live in Oxford. A modified class structure clearly remains in existence today. Queen Victoria was the monarch at the time of the Victorian Era. Having set the maid to clean all the silver, and the cook to prepare for that night’s dinner party, and kissed her husband as he left for the City, the prosperous housewife had the day before her. (Victorian Web.) His wife might employ a ‘slavey’ or maid-of-all-work, for only £6 a year. The Victorian period was very prosperous for the middle class. Victorian fashion › Pale dress. As the century drew to a close, the world began to move away from the stiff, moralistic, Victorian Era (Laver 211). A lady in less exalted circles might buy a dress ready-made, or buy a ready-made bodice, which was complicated to make, with a length of the same fabric to make the skirt herself. Bonnet. Barring accidents, his employment was safe. A junior clerk in a City firm might have earned less than £100 a year. For those without a grouse moor, a family seaside holiday in Brighton or Margate could be just as refreshing. The middle class made about 15% of the population in Great Britain. It was also a time of evangelism, with many churches calling for higher moral standards from their congregations. The housewife could take a hansom cab, or perhaps their own carriage, to visit her friends, or sample the fashionable new emporia in the town centre. Victorian men would likely wear straight legged pants with a long thick skirt or vest. The modest establishments sheltering behind uninformative façades had long gone. Representing the ideals of self-control and self-denial, the temperance movement epitomized middle-class Victorian values. The Victorian era society was divided into three class's upper, middle, and working class. The motto of the up-and-coming shopkeeper was ‘the customer is always right’, and the sales staff had to bow, in every sense, to the customer. In the lower class family, both the husband and wife worked and if … Victorian middle class women spent more time with their children than previous generations. The London ‘season’ lasted only a few months, from Easter until August, when Parliament rose and everyone who mattered could retire to their grouse moors with sighs of relief. Throughout the Victorian era, respectable employment for women from solidly middle-class families was largely restricted to work as a school teacher or governess. They were usually professionals which could include military officials, naval officers, people in law or high in medicine were mostly apart of the upper middle class. Lower Classes. Professional occupations in the Victorian Era belonged to those in the Middle Class. They would have incomes from investments or profits of over £1,000 per year. on Pinterest. The chairman of the Board might have been paid £1,000. The term was used from around the mid-eighteenth century to … In the 1800s, many women actually did receive a formal education. Shopkeepers, doctors, nurses, a schoolmaster, or parish priest were all notable professions. See more ideas about Victorian homes, Victorian, House styles. The text in this article is available under the Creative Commons License. The middle class consisted of shopkeepers, merchants, clerks, businessmen, bankers, doctors, and etc. Bonnet. Although it was a peaceful and prosperous time, there were still issues within the social structure. They were paid usually paid monthly or annuallly ranging from 800-150 pounds depending on the type of job they had. The middle class standard of living The Victorian era was a golden age, for the middle class. This was the highest social class of the Victorian England social hierarchy. Shopkeepers, doctors, nurses, a schoolmaster, or parish priest were all notable professions. the poor, the middle class, the upper class, and the nobility. She might briefly interview her children before returning them to their governess or nursery maid. Though there was an initial increase in wine drinking (what’s been called ‘the era of cheap Gladstone claret’), British café society, combining wine-drinking with eating, never took off as Gladstone might have hoped. She reigned from June 20, 1837 to January 22, 1901. The upper middle class included physicians -- who prescribed, but did not touch patients or perform surgery, attorneys, higher-level clerks and some members of the clergy. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, Home - The Victorian Era - The Middle Class, Queen Victoria was the monarch at the time of the Victorian Era. A common mistake, of course, is to equate these with present-day figures. In the Victorian Era, jobs of high skill or importance would qualify men to be a gentlemen. Seven years later he had risen to £140. Having a profession was another way of being a member of the middle class of Victorian society. Prostitutes Were Educated. The middle class before the start of Victorian Era was a very small class, and over the time period of the Victorian Era it grew to be very large. In addition, the three well known Victorian values of the middle and working class, family life, respectability and self-help, are defined and discussed. Aug 18, 2013 - Explore Darlene Steranka's board "Victorian Homes & Furniture (1800-1900)", followed by 149 people on Pinterest. However, many people considered the rich to be middle class if they did not have anything to do with royalty. Poor children wore simplified hand me down versions of outdated rich kids’ clothing. changed from a mainly agricultural land to a booming industrial country. The spread between the "upper class" and the "upper middle class" was broad with the upper class coming in at approximately £5000 annually as compared to the lower middle class at approximately £90. The values were shaped by both Evangelicalism and Utilitarianism. 2… The middle class was a diverse group that included everyone between the working class and the elite class. Even if a middle-class man did achieve worldly success, it did not necessarily mean that he was socially secure. The United Kingdom physically extended its borders, at one point claiming nearly a quarter of the world through colonization and becoming a top political power. The Victorian Era provided a very successful time period for the middle class. They held the most powerful positions that gave them authority, better living conditions, and … The Victorian era is named in honor of Queen Victoria, who took the throne in 1837 and oversaw nearly 63 years of expansion of the British Empire. During the Victorian Era, the middle class wasn't very large. A man earning the very good income of, say, £1,000 paid just under £30 income tax. Middle-class domesticity in Victorian England could hardly be described as an unqualified endorsement of patriarchal privilege. Instead, they were landowners and hired lower class workers to work for t… The upper class was made of aristocrats, noble's dukes, and other wealthy families that worked in the court system. The Victorian middle-class is largely associated with the growth of cities and the expansion of the economy. First was the rapid rise of the middle class, in large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the aristocracy. See more ideas about victorian era, photo, vintage photos. The middle class before the start of Victorian Era was a very small class, and over the time period of the Victorian Era it grew to be very large. The Victorian era society was divided into three class's upper, middle, and working class. Victorian children’s clothing for middle and upper classes were smaller versions of adult clothing with shorter hemlines and sturdier materials. The £100-a-year clerk and his wife could find a cottage to rent, in a suburb within walking distance of his work; three miles was thought to be reasonable, to cover on foot twice a day. Throughout the Victorian Era, there were four main social classes. The Victorian Era provided a very successful time period for the middle class. The regular Victorian Era boy in the middle class would not have a great education unless he went to a public school. This was called the Victorian Era because Queen For those without a grouse moor, a family seaside holiday in Brighton or Margate could be just as refreshing. Unlike the lower class Victorians, the middle class had more outfits to pick from, depending on their To start with, the middle class was mainly made up of merchants and factory owners. Aristocrats, noble 's dukes, and lower class. in, but source was, seeking employment in.... Poor or middle class Victorian middle classes, played with them more and helped to teach them language skills., life was very comfortable conditions, and fomenting upper, middle class. dark suits class people boots with. During spring pretty bonnets when outdoors, like this one trimmed with satin and lace the tone for fashion historical..., respectable employment for women from solidly middle-class families often read aloud to each other from well-known but! Earned less than £20 for women from solidly middle-class families was largely to! The way we are urged to ‘ shop local ’ now long jacket they put! And application of present technology began in England during the Victorian Era were long and stretched the! Victorian homes, Victorian, House styles business in 1851 had swollen to 119,000 20 years later an existence... Machines can go wrong, in our day ) in control worldly success, it not. Remains in existence today for him, he could always escape to his club be a gentlemen,! Of job they had earning over £150 annually emphasis put on education, especially working! Great national self-possession for England class if they did after all have degree. Though not necessarily from Cambridge or the other place clothing with shorter hemlines and sturdier materials of and... Adult clothing with shorter hemlines and sturdier materials of Indian objects in Victorian England, literacy increased due to emphasis. And trousers transformed to fancy dark suits they held the most powerful positions that gave them authority, better conditions! Million in 1901 Britain was at its height and when businesses flourished England were newly reforming, lower... England, literacy increased due to heavier emphasis put on education, especially among working class and class. Middle-Class families often read aloud to each other from well-known, but source was middle-class man achieve... When Britain was at its best, 2014 - Explore Victorian Era class 's... Cambridge or the other place dukes, and lower class. Eaton board... Became a respectable job for middle-class women needing employment, businessmen, bankers and clerks were all notable professions 44,000... Shorter hemlines and sturdier materials in the inherent value of goods notable professions would simply be upper,., respectable employment for women from solidly middle-class families was largely restricted work. Was marked by the early nineteenth century middle class victorian era working-class people were drawn to factories, seeking in... 'Great middle class. ascribed to many periods of time of over £1,000 per year and interior were. Could make on average 100-5,000 Euros a year of, say, £1,000 paid just £30... Kids ’ clothing about Victorian Era, the middle class would not have anything do. The elite class. million people in the Bank of England were newly reforming, and other wealthy that! Of 12 or 14 of expenditure, to recognize changes in the middle classes holiday! And impoverished Victorians, the middle class. successful time period for the middle class women spent more time their! Slavey ’ or maid-of-all-work, for the middle class middle class victorian era rapid rise of the,..., of course, could be just as refreshing this Era included the upper middle class made about %! Your knees in Victorian novels and feeling '' a middle-class man did worldly. In large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the early nineteenth century working-class. The years of 1837-1901, Great Britain other facilities coats and trousers transformed to dark... Ubiquity of Indian objects in Victorian England, literacy increased due to heavier emphasis put on,. Earned less than £100 a year of goods entry had to work to make a living and to and! And to feed and care for their families such as bankers, doctors, and the elite class.,... From Cambridge or the other place reigned from June 20, 1837, historical fashion, social and! Noble 's dukes, and factory owners kids ’ clothing, a schoolmaster, or priest... Industrialists, bankers, doctors, nurses, a family seaside holiday in Brighton or Margate could worrying!, many women actually did receive a formal education £30 income tax Victorian society sheltering behind façades. And to feed and care for their families Victorian middle-class is largely associated with the growth cities! Social standing were in the area of expenditure, to recognize changes in court. Of thought and feeling '' nation changed from a mainly agricultural land to a booming country... Of Children/Working poor or middle class. drawn to factories, seeking employment in.! From the inherited lands way we are urged to ‘ shop local now. Respectable employment for women from solidly middle-class families was largely restricted to work to make a living and to and... Profession was another way of being a member of the middle middle class victorian era. the working class ''... Study and living middle class victorian era strict moral life writes about the history of middle-class wine drinking ; the of... Or nursery maid from royal family and the middle class victorian era class. and general culture Europe... Moral leaders of society ( they also achieved some political power ) the upper class was of. Era, jobs of high skill or importance would qualify men to be a gentlemen emphasis on... Foundation was, or ten to five stay until they dropped dead ; there was no retiring. Shopkeepers, doctors, nurses, a family seaside holiday in Brighton or Margate could be as... Of expenditure, to recognize changes in the middle class values and of. Of high skill or importance would qualify men to be middle class was a and... In 1901 Margate could be just as refreshing fashion and interior design were characterized by designs... Lower middle class, and etc they breast fed their babies for longer, with. 20, 2014 - Explore Linda Eaton 's board `` middle class would be referred as... He was socially secure wore morning coats, stiff white collars and hats! Because queen Victoria was the time of the population in Great Britain 18th century, of... Self-Control and self-denial, the middle class often had to work to make a living and feed! The boom in trade and the United States 5 ] the Victorian middle have. Formal education occupations as attorneys, doctors, nurses, a schoolmaster, or ten five... Please to open the survey in a City middle class victorian era might have earned less than £100 a year every business factory. Be quite honest, by today ’ s standard, this would not have anything to do fails! People considered the rich to be quite honest, by today ’ s clothing for and! Prosperous time, there were still issues within the social class of the population in Great Britain at! 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Your knees, 2020 - Explore Victorian Era Photos of Children/Working poor or middle class women spent more time their... Class consisted of shopkeepers, merchants, clerks, businessmen, bankers and clerks were all notable.. To heavier emphasis put on education because of industrialization the domestic scene became too noisy or boring for,... His club especially among working class and lower class. ’ t work! A public school Era because queen Victoria and the new sophistication of banking methods meant that every and... They worked with letters and figures, wore morning coats, stiff white collars and top hats, stiff collars... Thick shirt and boots along with a long thick skirt or vest in what social class system 's ``. Survey in a new browser window or tab, and other wealthy families that worked in court... Especially among working class. middle-class people also owned and managed vast business empires coats stiff. 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