smooth bromegrass wikipedia

This species is both native and introduced. Taxonomists have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in Bromus. Smooth brome, is a leafy, sod-forming, perennial, cool season grass that spreads by rhizomes. Adaptation: Smooth brome was introduced from Europe and Asia. There are considerable morphological differences between some species, while the morphological differences between others (usually those species that are closely related) are subtle and difficult to distinguish. This grass-legume combination is highly productive on irrigated Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species. Introduced from Asia and Europe, smooth bromegrass is a cool-season perennial grass with a sod-forming growth habit. It is a cool-season grass that grows best during months with cooler weather, primarily March through June and September through November, Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America. As names like poverty brome (B. sterilis) and ripgut brome (B. diandrus) attest, some species are not very useful as fodder because their leaves sclerotize quickly and may even be harmful to livestock due to the high silica content. Bromus is part of the cool-season grass lineage (subfamily Pooideae), which includes about 3300 species. It is highly palatable to all classes of livestock and wildlife. The plant is characterized by an erect, leafy, long-lived perennial, 46 to 91 cm (1 1⁄2 to 3 ft) tall, rhizomatous and commonly producing a dense sod. Extension Agronomist E xcept in the range areas bromegrass has become Nebraska's leading pasture grass, especially in the eastern half of the state. Smooth brome is a grass that was introduced into the U.S. from Europe in the late 1800s and was widely established due to its resistance to depression-era droughts. Smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis) Smooth brome is a grass that is commonly found in Minnesota in sunny areas. Drilling ensures uniform seed distribution, accurate seeding rates, and uniform depth of coverage. Smooth brome looks very similar to a native brome. Some are useful to prevent erosion but such use must be cautiously controlled as most Bromus have the ability to spread, becoming invasive weeds. It produces well in areas with spring frost such as high mountain valleys. This species is both native and introduced. As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated. Grazing/Hayland: The primary use of meadow brome is for forage production. If smooth bromegrass pastures are grazed in the spring and fall, split applications of nitrogen fertilizer, putting down 80% in early May and 20% in early September, will produce more desirable results. Livestock: Smooth Brome may be used for hay, pasture, silage or stockpiling. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a particularly troublesome weed across much of western North America (from southern British Columbia to California.). Smooth bromegrass is a deep-rooted, sod-forming grass which grows best on fertile, well-drained soils with pH above 6.0. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) is a cool-season grass introduced into the United States from Hungary in 1884.Smooth bromegrass was widely used in the upper half of North America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with distinguishable northern and southern varieties. Smooth bromegrass is a cool-season introduced grass that spreads rapidly through seeds and rhizomes. βρομός and bromos mean oats, but βρομός seems to have referred specifically to Avena sativa (Hippocrates On Regimen in Acute Diseases 2.43, Dioscorides Medicus 2.94, Polemo Historicus 88) and Avena barbata (Theophrastus Historia Plantarum 8.9.2, Pseudo-Dioscorides 4.137). Brome grasses are not usually grown as ornamental plants due to most species' nondescript appearance. It is widely used in mixtures with legumes for pasture, hay, or silage. Brome grass seed, with the best brome seed varieties, is produced by our seed company. It is used for pasture, hay and haylage. Learn how and when to remove this template message, World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references", "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromus&oldid=963739114, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Taxonbars using multiple manual Wikidata items, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 June 2020, at 14:41. It does well in deep, well drained, moist soils. In areas with significant spring frost and little snow cover, meadow brome is a much better species selection than orchardgrass. In the extreme western counties bromegrass-alfalfa pastures are numerous on irrigated land. Smooth bromegrass was widely used in the upper half of North America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with distinguishable northern and southern varieties. Meadow brome is one of the best forage grasses for use in the Northwestern states under intensive rotational grazing systems. [4] The Tarahumara Indians in northern Mexico use the grains of some native Bromus species to aid fermentation in making one of their cultural beverages. Smooth Brome is a perennial grass native to Europe that was introduced to the United States in the late 1800’s. pumpellianus] Our smooth bromegrass seed products use top brome grass seed varieties. A sod-forming cool season grass; provides food for livestock. For best results, smooth brome should be seeded ¼ to ½ inch deep. Resists heat and drought. Smooth brome emerges early in the season and forms dense cover in grasslands, roadsides, ditches, and moist wooded areas. Smooth bromegrass Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) is a leafy, sod-forming perennial grass that is best suited for hay or early spring pasture. This sod-forming perennial grass spreads rapidly through seeds and rhizomes causing pastures and rangeland in Central South Dakota to be increasingly dominated by this grass year after year. This restriction on harvesting makes bromegrass unsuitable in mixture with alfalfa that will be harvested at the bud stage. Introduced as a forage plant from Eurasia over 130 years ago, its drought tolerance fast-tracked its popularity after the Dust Bowl era. When used in pasture mixtures, a faster recovering grass such as orchardgrass should be included to increase grass content. Although less invasive than Kentucky bluegrass, with which it often occurs and is managed, it is also less responsive to management. It prefers pH between 5.8 and 6.5. Brome is a cool-season grass, which means that it is actively growing at fairly cool temperatures in the spring. Bromus is closely related to the wheat-grass lineage (tribe Triticeae) that includes such economically important genera as Triticum (wheat), Hordeum (barley) and Secale (rye). • Arctic brome – English [Bromus inermis subsp. Smooth Bromegrass - Bromus inermis - A cool-season forage grass that is used extensively in nothern areas for early season pasture. The grass is highly palatable and is high in protein content and relatively low in crude-fiber content. Smooth bromegrass is one of the most productive and palatable forage grasses available. It is highly palatable and widely used for hay, pasture and forage production. This name is also applied to, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromus_inermis&oldid=923690131, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 October 2019, at 04:21. However, the native brome grows in small bunches, whereas smooth brome grows in large homogenous monocultures. Smooth bromegrass is a cool-season introduced grass with an advanced root system that tolerates temperature extremes and drought exceptionally well. Within Pooideae, Bromus is classified in tribe Bromeae (it is the only genus in the tribe). It is high in protein content and relatively low in crude-fiber content. Meadow brome is very winter hardy. They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses or chess grasses. It is high in protein content and relatively low in crude-fiber content. The stems vary in height from 2 to 4 feet. It prefers fertile well-drained soils but is adapted to a wide range of conditions. This page was last edited on 16 June 2018, at 18:39. General Product Information: Item Number: BROINE01 Species Type: Naturalized The generic name comes from avēna, a native Latin word for "oats" or "wild oats". The inflorescence is a dense or open panicle, usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in Japanese brome, B. japonicus). It may regrow and re flower in the fall if moisture is sufficient. Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America. Home / Grasses & Grass-like Species / Smooth Brome, Variety Not Stated. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Drilling smooth brome seed is the preferred method of seeding. The leaf blades and sheaths, which comprise the leaves can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. D. L. GROSS . Smooth Brome Management Smooth Brome Management Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) is one of the most widespread challenges in habitat management. History of Introduction: Smooth brome is an introduced grass from Europe, China and Siberia that is now considered to be naturalized in the United States. Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. Smooth brome is a cool season exotic that is especially troublesome in disturbed portions of old pastures in the tallgrass and mixed prairie regions. It is widely used in mixtures with legumes for pasture, hay, or silage. Smooth brome also reproduces through rhizome development that begins between three weeks and six months after germination. Smooth bromegrass is a cool-season introduced grass with an advanced root system that tolerates temperature extremes and drought exceptionally well. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) is a long-lived perennial, sod-forming grass introduced into the United States from Hungary in 1884. Bromus species are generally considered to have little economic value to humans, at least in present times. It is 1-3 feet tall and produces large seeds, 1/4″ long. [2][3] They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses or chess grasses. Smooth bromegrass is a common pasture and hay grass in the northern United States and Canada, but not in the southeastern United States, as it does … Bromus inermis is a species of the true grass family (Poaceae). Meadow Brome (Meadow Bromegrass) is an introduced, long lived cool season perennial. Spring harvest should be made before jointing or after the early-flower stage of development to ensure maximum smooth bromegrass persistence. Produces a deep root system which helps it tolerate heat and drought, and can grow up to four feet tall. The plant produces numerous basal and stem leaves that vary in length from 4 to 10 inches. The leaves are glabrous or occasionally pubescent, particularly on the sheaths; blades 20 to 38 cm (8 to 15 in) long, 0.6 to 1.3 cm (1⁄4 to 1⁄2 in) wide, flat, with a raised and keeled midrib below; sheaths closed, except near collar, and papery when dry; leaves rolled in the bud; ligates up to 0.3 cm (1⁄8 in) long, rounded, and membranous; auricles absent. Others, such as meadow brome (Bromus riparius), native to parts of Russia, are planted as forage in the Great Plains of North America. It was widely planted for forage and erosion control. smooth brome resulting in fewer problems with stands becoming sodbound, which is common in smooth brome. Bromus is distinguished from other grass genera by a combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, awns that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the ovary. Bromus inermis, Variety Not Stated Smooth Brome, Variety Not Stated. In North America, five morphologically similar groups of species, called sections, are generally recognized: Bromus, Genea, Ceratochloa, Neobromus, and Bromopsis. This rhizomatous grass is native to Europe. Bromus inermis, smooth brome, is a leafy, sod- forming, perennial, cool season grass that spreads by rhizomes. Meadow Brome is highly palatable to all classes of livestock and wildlife. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. It establishes easily and rapidly, which has Forage quality of smooth bromegrass Very winter hardy. Bromegrass in Nebraska . Farmers who follow rotation grazing, and those Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) is a cool-season grass introduced into the United States from Hungary in 1884. Forms an extensive sod by rhizomes. It becomes semidormant during the hot, dry summer months. Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. It starts growth in early spring; flowers May to July; reproduces from seeds, tillers, and rhizomes. Bromus species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including Africa, America, Australia and Eurasia. The optimal timing for control of smooth brome by burning appears to be in boot stage, which may be as early as mid-April in the central Great Plains or in the northern plains. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species. It is deep-rooted and spreads by underground rhizomes. Smooth Bromegrass Smooth bromegrass is one of the most productive and palatable forage grasses available. Broadcasting brome on the surface with shallow incorporation can result in good stands of brome. Rescue grass (B. catharticus), a winter annual introduced from South America into the United States as a forage and pasture grass, and smooth brome (B. inermis), a perennial native to Eurasia and introduced into the northern United States as a forage plant and soil binder, are … The generic name Bromus is derived from the Latin bromos, a borrowed word from the Ancient Greek βρομός (bromós). If grasses and legumes don't make a good recovery, you're headed for a midsummer pasture slump. Bromus mango was historically cultivated in Chile and Argentina by indigenous peoples, who used it both as fodder and food. How to manage BROMEGRASS for higher pasture yields Learn the growth phases of bromegrass Recognize the "critical periods" Set up definite harvest-and-rest cycles Every time you turn cows into a new pasture you wonder about the regrowth. The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use Bromus as a foodplant, such as the chequered skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon). … Introduced to the United States from Turkey in 1949. "Smooth brome" redirects here. Over-fertilization of smooth bromegrass also can cause problems. Growth Habitat: Smooth brome is a long-lived, cool season perennial. It is compatible with alfalfa or other adapted legumes. Most production occurs during the spring growth period, generally peaking in May through early June. It will not tolerate frequent cutting. Media in category "Bromus inermis"The following 77 files are in this category, out of 77 total. Erosion control: Since the plant has a … [1] Smooth brome was first introduced in the United Smooth bromegrass is a long-lived perennial, sod-forming grass that grows best during months with cool weather, primarily March through June and September through November. However, mixtures with legumes that will not be harvested before 1/10 bloom are excellent. 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