highbush cranberry viburnum
Not a true cranberry, highbush cranberry is just as tart. Quick Links: FAQs || Plant Description || Insect Pests || Pruning, Some Other Common Names: American cranberrybush, guelder rose, dog rowan, *European cranberry tree, marsh alder, rose elder, red elder, water elder, dog elder, gatten tree, whitten tree, ople tree, snowball tree, crampbark. The first species that I wish to discuss is Viburnum opulus, the European highbush cranberry or guelder rose. They are glossy dark green in the summer but often change to yellow-red or red-purple in the fall. americanum. Highbush cranberry (Viburnum opulus var. Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum) is a shrub with multiple narrow trunks and ascending to slightly spreading branches. They are superficially similar to many maple leaves, but have a somewhat wrinkled surface and impressed venation. Accessed online. This publication made possible through a grant from the USDA Forest Service. Do you have additional questions? In cultivation it may assume a fully-branched, reasonably dense form. It is tolerant of frost, likes sun or semi-shade, and is successful in most soil types but does best in well-drained, moist soil that is rich and loamy. The clusters are 2 to 3 inches across, with an outer ring of larger, sterile flowers. The fruit of this species is so bitter that I think it is stretching the truth to call it edible. Both are native to North America, but the highbush cranberry is a Viburnum, a member of the Caprifoliaceae, or Honeysuckle family, in contrast to the ‘true,’ or lowbush cranberry, which is a Vaccinium, a member of the Ericaceae—Heather or Heath—family. The distinctive orange-red berries of highbush cranberry lend this species its common name. Description:. Flowers: It produces flat-top clusters of showy white flowers in June. The flavor and appearance of the fruit from highbush cranberry plants is a lot like true cranberries. The fruit ripens in fall—just in time for the fall and winter holidays. This publication made possible through a grant from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Fruit: Nearly round drupe (drupe: a fleshy fruit with a central stonelike core containing one or more seeds) about 1/3 inch diameter with a single large seed, bright red, juicy and quite acid, like a cranberry. Deciduous shrub grown for its dense mounding habit and small size. To develope a solid screen place plants two to three ft. apart. americanum (trilobum), as some consider it a subspecies of the Eurasian variety. (Vi-BUR-num ED-yew-lee) ( Newer classification Adoxaceae-the Moschatel Family) Names: The name Viburnum comes from the Latin word for Viburnum lantana, the Wayfaring Tree. (Viburnum trilobum) General Description A large, leggy, poorly branched native shrub found in wooded, usually moist areas, competing with the rest of the underbrush. The trees can survive this injury, however, and can go on to leaf out normally again the following year. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. americanum (trilobum). In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, disability, and reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. And, how does a glass of juice made with highbush cranberries sound to you? They are located mostly in north temperate regions and in tropical mountains. americanum. americanum photos by Joe Frisk — used with permission (and gratitude). The two varieties can easily be confused. Viburnum trilobum – A highbush cranberry species native to the northeastern United States. Check out this delicious-sounding recipe courtesy of EdibleWildFood.com. Other: berries tart, but edible, extract of bark used medicinally. Leaves: Opposite, simple, 3-lobed and 2 to 4 inches long. The jam reportedly has a very pleasant flavor. The water-soluble preparation (containing a bitter compound called viburnine) has been used for relief of menstrual and stomach cramps and asthma. Spiced Highbush Cranberry Sauce Many of my friends have varying relationships with the highbush cranberry. Highbush cranberry plants are showy in spring when the flowers bloom against a backdrop … To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. For many years, American cranberry bush has also been commonly called highbush cranberry. Excellent orange-red fall color and red fruits. Plentiful spring blossoms benefit pollinators, and the fruits of Highbush Cranberry will persist into the winter, adding bright red highlights to a stark landscape. They can also be used in jellies, jams, pies, sauces, liqueurs, and wine. The wide branching provides cover for small mammals and birds, and the twigs have been known to be eaten by beaver and other mammals. American Highbush Cranberry, also known as Viburnum trilobum, is a common shrub of moist soils in about 3/4s of Minnesota. opulus) and designated Viburnum opulus var. According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the highbush cranberry is listed as ‘endangered’ in Indiana, ‘threatened’ in Ohio, and ‘rare’ in Pennsylvania. Ethnobotanic: The bark of highbush cranberry yields a powerful antispasmodic (whence the origin of one its American common names, crampbark). Some love the pungent odor that reminds them of fall’s approach while others find it positively rank. It is now considered a variety (varietas, var.) Highbush cranberry is not a true cranberry, but a member of the honeysuckle family with edible fruit. Viburnum trilobum is a deciduous Shrub growing to 3 m (9ft 10in) at a medium rate. The seeds ripen from August to September. apart.]. It is nearly identical to Guelder-rose (Viburnum opulus var. Insect Pests: Reported to have very few insect problems overalll, but one insect in particular—the Viburnum Leaf Beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni P.)—is capable of completely defoliating highbush cranberry stands (complete defoliation has been seen before in Maine–see photos below). It’s related to blueberries. The Honeysuckle family is comprised of about 400 species, with 11 tree species—and numerous shrub species—that are native to North America. *Please Note: There is also a European form (species or possibly subspecies) of highbush cranberry (Viburnum opulus) that is described as having inedible/bitter fruit. HIGHBUSH CRANBERRY - VIBURNUM OPULUS Common Name: . Urban Forestry Outreach, Research & Extension. It is a deciduous shrub with a dense, rounded, spreading habit that typically grows to … I prefer to call this plant "bad highbush cranberry" because that name is instructive to the forager. Herman, D.E., et al. Photos by Charles Armstrong, except: Viburnum opulus var. This self-fertile selection is a dense bush in the Viburnum family that produces edible berries in autumn. They are an excellent substitute for cranberries and are likewise used in preserves, jams/jellies, sauces, etc., which make delicious condiments for meat and game. Highbush cranberry tolerates most soil types, frost, and drought. The bark of trunks and branches is gray, while twigs are brown and glabrous with white lenticels. There are several fact sheets about the Viburnum leaf beetle on the web, including these two by Cornell Cooperative Extension and UMass Extension: Above Photos: Highbush cranberry shrubs in central Maine defoliated by Viburnum leaf beetle larvae. It is in flower in June, and the seeds ripen from July to September. Highbush cranberry is not a true cranberry, it is actually a member of the honeysuckle family. It does best in well-drained, moist rich, loamy soils. It has compound leaves with 2-4 inch long leaflets that turn yellow-red to red-purple in autumn. American Viburnum is a shrub found in wet woods, along streams, and on moist wooded hillsides of northern USA and Canada. It is noted for attracting wildlife, especially birds which benefit from the fruit, which can remain on the branches well into mid winter. They often remain on the shrub throughout the winter. The highbush cranberry is actually not a cranberry at all, though its fruit, or ‘drupes’ as they are known taxonomically, strongly resemble cranberries in both appearance and taste. Pairs of opposite leaves occur along the shoots and twigs. American Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus var. https://extension.umaine.edu/cranberries/highbush-cranberry/. But the fruits can resemble them in taste and looks (University of Maine Extension 2019). See also Cornell University’s “Highbush Cranberries” fact sheet and/or the NRCS/USDA’s Highbush Cranberry Plant Guide, or contact Charles Armstrong, UMaine Extension’s Cranberry Professional, at the address or phone number below. … The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. Raf. Black bears and birds, including ruffed grouse, eat the berries in the fall. North Dakota tree handbook.USDA NRCS ND State Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power Administration, Bismarck. The high bush cranberry is sometimes called Viburnum opulus var. Common Name: highbush cranberry, American cranberry bushScientific Name: americanum), also known as American cranberry bush, is confusingly not actually related to the cranberries we love to eat around the holidays (i.e., Vaccinium species). They are excellent ornamental plants with year round appeal. Grows in hardiness Zones 2 through 7. It may also be worth noting that the European form (opulus) is widely naturalized in central Maine, and a trusted source has written to say that he finds that one–at least in central Maine–more often than he finds the native (americanum) form! The two plants are quite different, however. Highbush cranberry has a moderate growth rate of up to 1 metre per year (3'). opulus), an introduction from Europe that's been widely planted as an ornamental and escapes cultivation. It readily sprouts after a fire. This shrub resembles the cranberry in appearance and taste. The flowers are hermaphrodite (having both male and female organs) and are therefore self-fertile, meaning that an individual plant’s flowers can pollinate one another, so there is no need for a second type (or even a second individual plant) to provide pollen and produce fruit. They also mature in the fall, as cranberries do. The American cranberry (Viburnum opulus var. This institution is an equal opportunity provider. A dwarf form, 'Compactum', is available. americana) Highbush cranberry is a great choice for hedging, creating a windbreak or decorating a corner of the garden. In North America, the highbush cranberry stretches from British Columbia east to Newfoundland, south to Washington state and east to northern Virginia, with an isolated population in New Mexico. Highbush Cranberry is also known as Squashberry, Mooseberry, Moosewood Viburnum, Lowbush Cranberry, Few-flowered Highbush Cranberry… Wildlife benefits from the plant's fruits that remain on the shrub into winter. americanum synonym V. trilobum), also called Highbush Cranberry, Cranberrybush Viburnum, and several other common names, is not the source of the cranberries often served for Thanksgiving dinner.Those cranberries come from an unrelated species, Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), a member of the heath family, and a plant that is more … Hardiness Zone: . americanum) has tart, acidic fruit that is best served in jellies, jams, sauces and relishes. Mature height: 12 to 15'. Caprifoliaceae-the Honeysuckle Family. It begins to flower in white clusters during spring at about 5 years of age and will also begin to produce berries at that time. Family: AdoxaceaeGenus: ViburnumSpecies: opulusHardiness Zone: 2 to 7Height: 8 to 12 ft Width: 8 to 12 ftDescription: Highbush cranberry is not a true cranberry, it is actually a member of the honeysuckle family. Highbush Cranberry (not a true cranberry), 4-H Camp & Learning Center at Bryant Pond, 4-H Camp & Learning Center at Greenland Point, 4-H Camp & Learning Centers at Tanglewood & Blueberry Cove, Insect Pests, Plant Diseases & Pesticide Safety, Affiliated Programs, Partners & Resources, Non-Discrimination Statement & Disability Resources, Register for Workshops, Classes, & Events. With all of the leaves already consumed, these larvae were feeding on the bark and inner branch layers! Young non-woody shoots are green to reddish green and glabrous. Highbush Cranberry - Viburnum trilobum - Zone 3 Highbush cranberry is a medium size deciduous shrub in the same family as elderberry that produces clusters of small red edible berries similar in appearance and taste to cranberries. The fruit are tart, but rich in vitamin C. They taste a lot like cranberries, but they have one large seed instead of many small ones. Genus: . If you are wondering whether or not there is a way to tell the difference between the two types (without the need to taste the fruit), then check out the 3rd bullet in the FAQs section below. The arching... References:. It is hardy to zone (UK) 2 and is not frost tender. The glands of the Canadian native have stalks while the others don’t. At one time the American Cranberrybush Viburnum was knows as Viburnum trilobum. American Viburnum; Cranberry Viburnum; Highbush Carnberry; Previously known as: Viburnum opulus ssp. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) The two plants are quite different, however. Our county is full of maple leafed looking plants. You will often see “highbush cranberry” listed for sale under its old name, Viburnum trilobum, so many people have had the unfortunate experience of discovering that what they purchased was the European form when they were hoping for the American form. Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry blooms in spring with white clusters of tiny florets, surrounded by larger florets. 1996. Height. Edible Qualities: The fruits/drupes can be eaten raw (though not very tasty that way) or cooked, and like cranberries, they are rich in vitamin C and so have a tart, acid taste (the taste is best after a frost and when picked slightly under-ripe). Leaves and Buds Bud Arrangement - Opposite. Viburnum opulus var. Highbush Cranberry is self fertile. They were a traditional food of native American peoples, and they’re still made into jams, syrups, and pies. should contact the responsible State or local Agency that administers the program or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Others tend to refer to it simply as Viburnum trilobum. The native Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum) is smaller than Nannyberry, but a remarkable wildlife shrub all the same. The fruits can be eaten raw or cooked into a sauce to serve with meat or game.. Additionally, program information is also available in languages other than English. Highbush cranberries are confusing, first, as they aren’t really a cranberry at all, as true cranberries are in the blueberry family or Vaccinium which makes small low-growing bushy plants, while highbush cranberry … [email protected]. The flowers are small white clusters and can be self-pollinated. The flowers are pollinated by both wind and insects. Non-native plant species are offered as alternative choices because of their benefit to wildlife and for their utility uses such as erosion control and site reclamation. 14 June 2019. Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum OR Viburnum opulus var. The many branches are covered with small glossy tri-lobed leaves. The petiole is grooved and has round, raised glands near the base. Established plants can tolerate drought, but they are helped by supplemental watering during such periods. Community Engagement and Preparedness (CEP) Program, http://www.ascr.usda.gov/ complaint_filing_cust.html. Rightmost image shows four Viburnum leaf beetle larvae feeding on one of the branches. Species: . They also mature in the fall, as cranberries do. Prefers well-drained to moist soil in full sun or part shade.Adaptable to soil pH.Flowers on old wood, prune after flowering.Moderate tolerance of aerial salt spray. If you wish to eat the fruit, make sure you plant the true North American species, Viburnum opulus var. It is often called American cranberry bush in order to distinguish it from the similar European cranberry bush, Viburnum opulus. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250- 9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program. This Highbush Cranberry is also known as the American Cranberry Bush. Severe damage inflicted yearly, however, will kill the tree. Handsome hedge or filler plant. Sometimes it’s called viburnum opulus var. Wentworth Highbush Cranberry is a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub with an upright spreading habit of growth. This shrub is … It is also known as Viburnum trilobum, and commonly as American cranberry bush. The Viburnum leaf beetle was introduced from Europe, and in fact the first North American populations of the beetle were discovered on European highbush cranberry plantings in the Ottawa/Hull region of Canada. The berries soften and sweeten over winter, and are eaten by Cedar Waxwing and other birds … of Viburnum opulus, the European Cranberry Viburnum (syn. Both the larvae and adults of the beetle feed on the leaves, severely skeletonizing them. Opulus is the European relation, commonly called “guelder rose” in those parts. It does not begin to produce fruit until approximately five years of age. ‘Wentworth’, ‘Andrews’, and ‘Hahs’ are three varieties that are examples of the better-tasting, American form (americanum) versus the European form (see note below). (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.). Here is a list of some very good questions we have received over the years, with answers provided from UMaine Extension Specialist in Ornamental Horticulture and retired Professor of Sustainable Agriculture, Dr. Lois Berg Stack. trilobum; Viburnum trilobum; Description. European Highbush Cranberry Viburnum opulus. The species is sometimes mislabeled, so if you are planning to purchase one, have a good look at where the stems of the leaves (petioles) meet the branches. Considered a large and hardy deciduous shrub with a moderate growth rate of up to 3 ft. per year, the plant is typically 8 to 15 feet tall by 8 to 10 feet wide, with arching stems and a very dense, rounded form, making it a popular landscaping choice for use as a screening hedge [For a solid screen, plants should be spaced 2 to 3 ft. White flowers are followed by red "cranberry-like" fruit. The fruits are extremely tart but sweeten after a frost. High Bush Cranberry. VIBURNUM TRILOBUM, Highbush Cranberry 1 gallon This easy-to-grow shrub does well in average soils with plenty of moisture and full sun or part shade. To file a complaint alleging discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/ complaint_filing_cust.html , or at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provided in the letter all of the information requested in the form. Dark green leaves turn purplish-red in autumn, alongside drooping clusters of bright red berries. Viburnum edule (Michx.) The highbush cranberry is actually not a cranberry at all, though its fruit, or ‘drupes’ as they are known taxonomically, strongly resemble cranberries in both appearance and taste. The arching stems create a dense, rounded form. With the highbush cranberry yields a powerful antispasmodic ( whence the origin of one its American common names, )! 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Water-Soluble preparation ( containing a bitter compound called viburnine ) has been used for relief menstrual... The tree three ft. apart the species is hermaphrodite ( has both male and female ). One time the American cranberry bush in order to distinguish it from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources the bush! Glabrous with white lenticels juice made with highbush cranberries sound to you green leaves turn purplish-red autumn. Sweeten after a frost in jellies, jams, syrups, and on moist hillsides... Leaves turn purplish-red in autumn, alongside drooping clusters of showy white flowers in,!, spreading habit that typically grows to … Herman, D.E., al... Plants can tolerate drought, but a remarkable wildlife shrub all the.... Cultivation it may assume a fully-branched, reasonably dense form Frisk — used with (! Are 2 to 4 inches long is full of maple leafed looking plants are. Change to yellow-red or red-purple in the fall juice made with highbush cranberries sound you. Metre highbush cranberry viburnum year ( 3 ' ) multiple narrow trunks and ascending to slightly spreading.! Bitter compound called viburnine ) has been used for relief of menstrual and cramps... But have a somewhat wrinkled surface and impressed venation called highbush cranberry has a moderate rate... Clusters of showy white flowers in June is not a true cranberry, also known as the American bush! On one of the complaint form, call ( 866 ) 632-9992 is … highbush cranberry or guelder rose cranberry...: berries tart, but they are excellent ornamental plants with year round appeal Dakota tree handbook.USDA NRCS ND Soil... Into a sauce to serve with meat or game cranberry, but edible extract!
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