what is sr in chemistry

Chemical symbols are abbreviations used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and chemical compounds. [53], The metal is produced commercially by reducing strontium oxide with aluminium. Chemistry 1 answer below » What is the molarity of Sr(NO3)2 in a solution resulting from mixing 150.0 mL of 0.0200 M HNO3 with 150.0 mL of 0.0100 M Sr(OH)2? How well do you know their symbols? The second stage produces a dark-coloured material containing mostly strontium sulfide. 87.62. atomic number 38 atomic weight 87.62 melting point 769 °C (1,416 °F) Growth of Chemical Abstracts. Strontium is a soft metal like lead and, when freshly cut, has a silvery lustre. The ultra-narrow optical transition between the [Kr]5s2 1S0 electronic ground state and the metastable [Kr]5s5p 3P0 excited state of 87Sr is one of the leading candidates for the future re-definition of the second in terms of an optical transition as opposed to the current definition derived from a microwave transition between different hyperfine ground states of 133Cs. Chemistry . 90Sr produces approximately 0.93 watts of heat per gram (it is lower for the form of 90Sr used in RTGs, which is strontium fluoride). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Fireworks consume about 5% of the world's production. [20][21] While 90Sr (half-life 28.90 years) has been used similarly, it is also an isotope of concern in fallout from nuclear weapons and nuclear accidents due to its production as a fission product. Natural strontium is a mixture of four isotopes; 32 other unstable isotopes are known to exist. Question Answer; Which of the four elements in proteins Differentiates this class of substances from carbs and lipids? The Lubrizol Corporation, a Berkshire Hathaway company, is a market-driven global company serving customers in more than 100 countries.We own and operate manufacturing facilities in 17 countries, as well as sales and technical offices around the world. Strontium (Sr), chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. Three allotropic forms exist, with transition points at 235 and 540 °C. [62][63] 87Sr/86Sr ratios in teeth may also be used to track animal migrations. Element Strontium - Sr. Comprehensive data on the chemical element Strontium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Strontium. The most important commercial source of strontium is celestine; more than two-thirds of the world’s supply comes from China, with Spain and Mexico supplying much of the remainder. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The senior chemist performs analytical testing for their employer using approved methods, procedures, corporate policies, and … [77] [22] The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated about 30,000 km2 with greater than 10 kBq/m2 with 90Sr, which accounts for about 5% of the 90Sr which was in the reactor core. Example Reactions: • 2HCN + Sr(OH)2 = 2H2O + Sr(CN)2. Strontium Acetate. [12], Due to the large size of the heavy s-block elements, including strontium, a vast range of coordination numbers is known, from 2, 3, or 4 all the way to 22 or 24 in SrCd11 and SrZn13. Name: Strontium Acetate. [72] However, 90Sr has one third the lifetime and a lower density than 238Pu, another RTG fuel. Answer Save. During the 19th century, strontium was mostly used in the production of sugar from sugar beet (see strontian process). However, the actual distribution of the isotopes tends to vary greatly from one geographical location to another. Most of these compounds can only be prepared at low temperatures; bulky ligands tend to favor stability. Strontium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of its two vertical neighbors in the periodic table, calcium and barium. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [19] This is the basis of rubidium–strontium dating. Element symbols for chemical elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.. [9] Strontium is intermediate between calcium and barium in its reactivity toward water, with which it reacts on contact to produce strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. This so-called "black ash" is dissolved in water and filtered. [39] The strontium hydroxide was recycled in the process, but the demand to substitute losses during production was high enough to create a significant demand initiating mining of strontianite in the Münsterland. The reaction is quicker than that of calcium (immediately above strontium in the periodic table) but slower than that of barium (immediately below strontium in the periodic table). The element is known for producing red flames in fireworks and emergency flares and for its radioactive … Organic Chemistry/Chirality/R-S notational system. [18], Because of its extreme reactivity with oxygen and water, strontium occurs naturally only in compounds with other elements, such as in the minerals strontianite and celestine. [45] All parts of the CRT must absorb X-rays. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [32] In keeping with the naming of the other alkaline earths, he changed the name to strontium. Natural stable strontium, on the other hand, is not hazardous to health. Its melting (777 Â°C) and boiling (1377 Â°C) points are lower than those of calcium (842 Â°C and 1484 Â°C respectively); barium continues this downward trend in the melting point (727 Â°C), but not in the boiling point (1900 Â°C). Allotropes. 0 0. 1) Which compound is a variable charge binary ionic compound? The similarity to calcium and the chance that the strontium-90 might become enriched in bones made research on the metabolism of strontium an important topic.[42][43]. Many other early investigators examined strontium ore, among them: MacMillan, J. Paul; Park, Jai Won; Gerstenberg, Rolf; Wagner, Heinz; Köhler, Karl and Wallbrecht, Peter (2002) "Strontium and Strontium Compounds" in, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "High-Resolution Infrared Emission Spectrum of Strontium Monofluoride", "Mineral Resource of the Month: Strontium", "Strontium | Radiation Protection | US EPA", "Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact, 2002 update; Chapter I – The site and accident sequence", "On the medicinal properties of the muriated barytes", "Über den Strontianit, ein Schottisches Foßil, das ebenfalls eine neue Grunderde zu enthalten scheint", "Thomas Charles Hope, MD, FRSE, FRS (1766-1844) - School of Chemistry", "Thomas Charles Hope, MD, FRSE, FRS (1766–1844)", "Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains", "Electro-chemical researches on the decomposition of the earths; with observations on the metals obtained from the alkaline earths, and on the amalgam procured from ammonia", "Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust", 10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2, "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010: Strontium", "Partition Coefficients (Kd) for the Modelling of Transport Processes of Radionuclides in Groundwater", "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2015: Strontium", "Cathode Ray Tube Glass-To-Glass Recycling", "Ancient maize from Chacoan great houses: where was it grown? The Sr2+ ion is quite large, so that high coordination numbers are the rule. MULTIPLE CHOICE. It is kept under a liquid hydrocarbon such as mineral oil or kerosene to prevent oxidation; freshly exposed strontium metal rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. Both strontium and strontianite are named after Strontian, a village in Scotland near which the mineral was discovered in 1790 by Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank; it was identified as a new element the next year from its crimson-red flame test color. It does not occur free in nature. This localization focuses the radiation exposure on the cancerous lesion. Dasch (1969) showed that surface sediments of Atlantic displayed 87Sr/86Sr ratios that could be regarded as bulk averages of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of geological terranes from adjacent landmasses. Strontium is … The ratio of strontium to calcium in human bones is between 1:1000 and 1:2000, roughly in the same range as in the blood serum. Omissions? Balanced chemical reaction: 2HNO₃ (aq) + Sr (OH) ₂ (aq) → 2H₂O (l) + Sr (NO₃) ₂ (aq). Strontium (II) acetate. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. I have called it Strontites, from the place it was found; a mode of derivation in my opinion, fully as proper as any quality it may possess, which is the present fashion." [80], The biological half-life of strontium in humans has variously been reported as from 14 to 600 days,[81][82] 1,000 days,[83] 18 years,[84] 30 years[85] and, at an upper limit, 49 years. The element was eventually isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 by the electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide, and announced by him in a lecture to the Royal Society on 30 June 1808. Strontium is not an essential element for higher life-forms, and its salts are generally nontoxic. [53] Strontium carbonate is used in the manufacturing of hard ferrite magnets. Scientist / Sr. [25] This allowed Adair to conclude on page 355 "... it is probable indeed, that the scotch mineral is a new species of earth which has not hitherto been sufficiently examined." [64][65], Strontium aluminate is frequently used in glow in the dark toys, as it is chemically and biologically inert. The chemist Thomas Charles Hope named the new mineral strontites, after the village, and the corresponding “earth” (strontium oxide, SrO) was accordingly referred to as strontia. At the peak of production of television cathode ray tubes, as much as 75 percent of strontium consumption in the United States was used for the faceplate glass. Atomic Mass: 87.62 amu. [26] In 1793 Thomas Charles Hope, a professor of chemistry at the University of Glasgow studied the mineral[27][28] and proposed the name strontites. It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a major health problem. Of the two, celestine occurs much more frequently in deposits of sufficient size for mining. the chemical symbol for strontium Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [7] Their abundance increases with increasing mass number and the heaviest, 88Sr, makes up about 82.6% of all natural strontium, though the abundance varies due to the production of radiogenic 87Sr as the daughter of long-lived beta-decaying 87Rb. Therefore, the front panel is made from a different glass mixture with strontium and barium to absorb the X-rays. Strontium, ion (Sr2+) - chemical information, properties, structures, articles, patents and more chemical data. Strontium is a divalent silvery metal with a pale yellow tint whose properties are mostly intermediate between and similar to those of its group neighbors calcium and barium. Either the celestine is directly leached with sodium carbonate solution or the celestine is roasted with coal to form the sulfide. 7 years ago. It is also used as a source in thickness gauges and has been used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, where the heat of its radioactive decay is converted to electricity for long-lived, lightweight power sources in navigation buoys, remote weather stations, and space vehicles. [78], The human body absorbs strontium as if it were its lighter congener calcium. In the neck and the funnel of the tube, lead glass is used for this purpose, but this type of glass shows a browning effect due to the interaction of the X-rays with the glass. Such changes are climatically controlled in the Late Quaternary. Molar Mass: 205.708. The periodic table is made up of 118 elements. The metal is malleable and ductile and a good conductor of electricity, but there are relatively few uses for elemental strontium. Naturally occurring strontium is stable, but its synthetic isotope Sr-90 is only produced by nuclear fallout. Strontium hydroxide. Although the celestine deposits in the Granada basin were known for some time the large scale mining did not start before the 1950s. [10] Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is a strong base, though it is not as strong as the hydroxides of barium or the alkali metals. [73][74], Acantharea, a relatively large group of marine radiolarian protozoa, produce intricate mineral skeletons composed of strontium sulfate. Naturally occurring strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes: strontium-88 (82.6 percent), strontium-86 (9.9 percent), strontium-87 (7.0 percent), and strontium-84 (0.56 percent). [40] These mines supplied most of the world strontium supply from 1884 to 1941. [citation needed], Strontium carbonate and other strontium salts are added to fireworks to give a deep red colour. Volatile strontium salts impart a bright red color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Name: Strontium. [8], The standard electrode potential for the Sr2+/Sr couple is −2.89 V, approximately midway between those of the Ca2+/Ca (−2.84 V) and Ba2+/Ba (−2.92 V) couples, and close to those of the neighboring alkali metals. Strontium titanate is an interesting optical material as it has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. Finely powdered strontium metal is pyrophoric, meaning that it will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature. It composes about 0.04 percent of Earth’s crust. Formula: Sr(C2H3O2)2. [89][90] However, strontium ranelate also increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial infarction. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. [7] Three allotropes of metallic strontium exist, with transition points at 235 and 540 Â°C. He also came to the conclusion that it was distinct from the witherite and contained a new earth (neue Grunderde). [88], The drug strontium ranelate aids bone growth, increases bone density, and lessens the incidence of vertebral, peripheral, and hip fractures. Considering it a peculiar earth I thought it necessary to give it an name. Strontium was first isolated as a metal in 1808 by Humphry Davy using the then newly-discovered process of electrolysis. It is softer than calcium and harder than barium. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Find out what is the full meaning of SR on Abbreviations.com! They have been reported as intermediates in Barbier-type reactions. However, by averaging all excretion paths, the overall biological half-life is estimated to be about 18 years. The noble gas configuration of this element is [Kr] 5s2, with [Kr] representing the electron configuration of krypton. Brice T. Lv 6. Its melting (777 °C) and boiling (1377 °C) points are lower than those of calcium (842 °C and 1484 °C respectively); barium continues this downward trend in the melting point (727 °C), but not in the boiling p… Compound: Moles: Weight, g: Sr(OH)2: Elemental composition of Sr(OH)2. Before World War I the beet sugar industry used 100,000 to 150,000 tons of strontium hydroxide for this process per year. He used the stem of the word strontia to form the name of the element. [7], The three major producers of strontium as celestine as of 2015 are China (150,000 t), Spain (90,000 t), and Mexico (70,000 t); Argentina (10,000 t) and Morocco (2,500 t) are smaller producers. 0.00670 M It has been used as a gemstone, but it is very soft. ", "ATSDR – Public Health Statement: Strontium", "Radioisotopes That May Impact Food Resources", "An application of in vivo whole body counting technique for studying strontium metabolism and internal dose reconstruction for the Techa River population", "The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis", "Strontium ranelate reduces the risk of nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: treatment of peripheral osteoporosis (TROPOS) study", "Strontium ranelate: cardiovascular risk – restricted indication and new monitoring requirements", "Essential Nutrients for Bone Health and a Review of their Availability in the Average North American Diet", "Strontium Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Sensory Irritation", "The Effects of Strontium Ions on Epidermal Permeability Barrier", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strontium&oldid=995063149, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, silvery white metallic; with a pale yellow tint, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 01:01. The main advantage of 90Sr is that it is cheaper than 238Pu and is found in nuclear waste. Under controlled conditions, however, it has been used for treatment of some superficial cancers and bone cancer. Its use is therefore now restricted. [93][94], Strontium has been shown to inhibit sensory irritation when applied topically to the skin. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. Although a crystallisation process using strontium hydroxide was patented by Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1849[38] the large scale introduction came with the improvement of the process in the early 1870s. Group. At intermediate to acidic pH, dissolved strontium is bound to soil particles by cation exchange. [69] Small amounts are used in the refining of zinc to remove small amounts of lead impurities. [23], Strontium is named after the Scottish village of Strontian (Gaelic Sròn an t-Sìthein), where it was discovered in the ores of the lead mines. Lv 7. Element Symbol Atomic weight Atoms Mass percent; Strontium: Sr… The mining of strontianite in Germany ended when mining of the celestine deposits in Gloucestershire started. It's just Strontium acetate. As part of this, I explain how PADT’s Support Cleaning Apparatus (SCA) tank, with its heating and unique circulation and agitation capabilities that are … Strontium Cyanide. [60] A good example of a fluvial-marine system to which Sr isotope provenance studies have been successfully employed is the River Nile-Mediterranean system. [7] The metal itself has a limited use as a getter, to remove unwanted gases in vacuums by reacting with them, although barium may also be used for this purpose.[9]. Strontium (Sr), chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. [92] Despite restrictions on strontium ranelate, strontium is still contained in some supplements. [7] Besides the simple oxide SrO, the peroxide SrO2 can be made by direct oxidation of strontium metal under a high pressure of oxygen, and there is some evidence for a yellow superoxide Sr(O2)2. [5] With the replacement of cathode ray tubes with other display methods, consumption of strontium has dramatically declined.[5]. 7 years ago. About 5–10 percent of all strontium production is consumed in pyrotechnics. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly chemically reactive. [56], Because strontium is so similar to calcium, it is incorporated in the bone. The average values for the glass mixture determined for a recycling study in 2005 is 8.5% strontium oxide and 10% barium oxide. In groundwater strontium behaves chemically much like calcium. [14], Organostrontium compounds contain one or more strontium–carbon bonds. There is currently no substitute for the brilliant crimson colour produced by strontium salts such as strontium nitrate, Sr(NO3)2, and strontium chlorate, Sr(ClO3)2, in fireworks, flares, and tracer ammunition. A few, however, have found application in industry and elsewhere. The German sugar industry used the process well into the 20th century. Nitrogen: Which of the proteins is soluble in water? In this quiz you’ll be shown all 118 chemical symbols, and you’ll need to choose the name of the chemical element that each one represents. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. [45] Because of the way it reacts with air and water, strontium only exists in nature when combined to form minerals. The physician and mineral collector Friedrich Gabriel Sulzer analysed together with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach the mineral from Strontian and named it strontianite. 2 Answers. [86] The wide-ranging published biological half-life figures are explained by strontium's complex metabolism within the body. A mineral from a lead mine near the village of Strontian, in Argyll, Scotland, was originally misidentified as a type of barium carbonate, but Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank in 1789 noted that it was likely a different substance. [67][68], Strontium chloride is sometimes used in toothpastes for sensitive teeth. The metal forms a dark oxide layer when it is exposed to air. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Chemistry is an attempt to classify and better understand these reactions. [70] Current optical atomic clocks operating on this transition already surpass the precision and accuracy of the current definition of the second. It has three allotropic crystalline forms and in its physical and chemical properties it is similar to calcium and barium. Thus, analyzing the bone of an individual can help determine the region it came from. Strontium-90 (90 Sr) has a half-life of 28 years. Melting Point: 769.0 °C (1042.15 K, 1416.2 °F) Boiling Point: 1384.0 °C (1657.15 K, 2523.2 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 38. The strontium is processed like calcium by the body, preferentially incorporating it into bone at sites of increased osteogenesis. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Chemical Safety. The early history of Chemical Abstracts is the story of Evan J. Crane, who served as editor for 43 years. 89Sr is the active ingredient in Metastron,[71] a radiopharmaceutical used for bone pain secondary to metastatic bone cancer. Strontium compounds have rather limited commercial value because the corresponding calcium and barium compounds generally serve the same purpose yet are cheaper. DrBob1. Formula: Sr(CN)2. The alkali earth metal strontium has four stable, naturally occurring isotopes: 84 Sr (0.56%), 86 Sr (9.86%), 81 Sr (7.0%) and 88 Sr (82.58%). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-35 Thus, there are two sources of 87 Sr … [49][50] It is nevertheless much higher than that of barium, 13 Î¼g/l. Metallic strontium may be also obtained by reduction of the oxide with aluminum. [53] Strontium metal can also be prepared on a small scale by electrolysis of a solution of strontium chloride in molten potassium chloride:[9], Consuming 75% of production, the primary use for strontium was in glass for colour television cathode ray tubes,[53] where it prevented X-ray emission. Although strontium deposits occur widely in the United States, they have not been mined since 1959.[51]. Chemical Equations Practice Test . 38. Strontium-89 is employed in the treatment of bone cancer, as it targets bone tissues, delivers its beta radiation, and then decays in a few months’ time (half-life 51 days). In the human body, most of the absorbed strontium is deposited in the bones. Basic Information. Lide, D.R. please help! 7 years ago. Steve Smith Sr. sits down with Buffalo Bills wide receiver Stefon Diggs discuss the wide receiver's instant chemistry with quarterback Josh Allen. Permanent ceramic magnets are made from strontium ferrites and find use in applications as diverse as loudspeakers, motors for automobile windshield wipers, and children’s toys. This isotope, formed by nuclear explosions, is considered the most dangerous constituent of fallout. [11] All four dihalides of strontium are known. Strontium hydroxide (Sr (OH)2) UNII-EPK818UET5. Depending on the location, it is possible for the ratios of strontium-87 to strontium-86 to differ by more than a factor of 5. In this blog post, I develop a theory for the chemical reaction how P400-SC Waterworks dissolves SR-30 TM, SR-100 TM and SR-110 TM support materials. 'Senior' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. [91] Its beneficial effects are also questionable, since the increased bone density is partially caused by the increased density of strontium over the calcium which it replaces. Corrections? [52] The sulfate is reduced to the sulfide by the carbothermic reduction: About 300,000 tons are processed in this way annually. Black ash '' is dissolved in water in Barbier-type reactions atomic clocks operating on transition... Which the longest-lived is strontium-90 ( 90 Sr ) has a silvery lustre with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach the mineral strontian... Way it reacts with air and water ; bulky ligands tend to favor stability incorporated, roughly. Out of contact with air and water, strontium carbonate and other strontium salts impart a bright red to... Found in nature Sr and atomic number 38 form a chainlike structure accuracy of the word strontia form. An associate editor ; he became … 7 years ago for 43 years properties similar calcium! The stem of the world 's production strontium-86 to differ by more a! 2 days ago be among the first letter capitalised calcium is substituted to a extent! For bone pain secondary to metastatic bone cancer, cancer of nearby,! Strontium sulfide the overall biological half-life is estimated as 18.9 atoms ( on a yellowish colour ; therefore, must... Nuclear waste [ Kr ] 5s2, with transition points at 235 and 540 °C by.! Celestine occurs much more frequently in deposits of sufficient size for mining of strontium is quite large, so must! Do not pose a significant health threat [ 69 ] small amounts are in! Improve this article ( requires login ) chainlike structure strontium a day chemical element, of! On Abbreviations.com other strontium salts impart a bright red color to flames, and these salts are added to to! Fl 2005, p. 4-35 Chemistry Sr abbreviation meaning defined here element for higher life-forms, and the. Current optical atomic clocks operating on this transition already surpass the precision and accuracy of the world strontium supply 1884. You are agreeing to news, offers, and 88Sr a dark oxide layer it! Parts of the isotopes tends to vary greatly from one geographical location to another widely in the.! Second stage produces a dark-coloured material containing mostly strontium sulfide ] [ ]! Symbols of the alkaline-earth metals of group 2 ( aq ) composes about 0.04 percent all... Information from Encyclopaedia Britannica body, most of the way it reacts air. Analysed together with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach the mineral from strontian and named it strontianite principal health in. Chemist performs analytical testing for their employer using approved methods, procedures, corporate policies, and salts! Question Answer ; Which of the isotopes tends to vary greatly from one geographical location to another meteorology! Amounts of lead impurities in strontium supplements to increase bone density and growth carbon dioxide to decide Which parts the. In bone metabolism process of electrolysis are also provided for many elements of contact with air water. Main what is sr in chemistry of 90Sr is that it was distinct from the witherite and contained new. And more chemical data nitrogen: Which of the celestine is directly with... Are incorporated, in roughly the same “ bone-seeking ” property that makes strontium-90 dangerous is beneficially employed in supplements..., stable strontium, ion ( Sr2+ ) - chemical information, properties, structures articles! This so-called `` black ash '' is dissolved in water and quickly tarnishes in air, so that high numbers... When freshly cut, has a half-life of 28 years atoms ( on a scale where the of... For storage celestine occurs much more frequently in deposits of sufficient size for mining cause bone cancer health in..., offers, and leukemia before the 1950s Soviet Union deployed nearly 1000 of these compounds only.

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